Compare Contrast Operant Classical Conditioning

Learning is any relatively permanent change in behaviour due to experience (Grivas et al, 1999: 318). Conditioning is the acquisition of specific patterns of behaviour in the presence of well-define stimuli (Termpapers, 2003: 01). Learning is the unconscious association between two stimuli which brings about stimulus substitution: Classical Conditioning, CC, Pavlov and the encoding of consequences: Operant Conditioning, OC, Skinner (Grivas et al. 1999: 346-349). This essay will compare and contrast the two learning theories, focusing on the main similarities and differences that exist. CC (otherwise known as respondent or Pavlovian conditioning (Weiten, 2001: 222 Copper et al, 1987: 19) was first described by Pavlov in 1899 after†¦show more content†¦However they differ in that CC is an unconscious association between two stimuli and OC is a conscious process of learning (Temper, 2003: 01). In both types of conditioning, extinction occurs however they slightly vary in the process (Grivas et al, 1999: 374). In CC, extinction refers to the gradual weakening or disappearance of the CR resulting from the continuos presentation of the CS alone (Grivas at al, 1999: 329). In OC however, the discontinuation of any reinforcement that had once maintained a given behaviour is referred to as extinction (Baldwin, 1998: 57). When reinforcement is withdrawn from the learning process, the frequency or rate of response decreases (Baldwin, 1998: 57). In CC, extinction takes place over a period of time when the UCS is withdrawn (Grivas et al, 1999: 363). Extinction within OC also occurs over time, but following the termination of reinforcement. (Grivas et al, 1999: 363) Another similarity that is present between the two learning theories is spontaneous recovery Extinction in both CC and OC can be interrupted by Spontaneous recovery (Grivas e al, 1999: 374). In CC, spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a conditioned response when the CS is presented, following a rest period (i.e. when the CS is not presented) after the conditioned response appears to have been extinguished. (Grivas, 1999: 330). Similar to CC, extinction is not permanent in OC. After a period of time in which a stimulus is presented with no followingShow MoreRelatedCompare and Constrast Classical and Operant Conditioning737 Words   |  3 PagesCompare and contrast classical and operant conditioning, their theories, terminology, famous psychologists and applications of the theory for teaching. Classical and operant conditioning are two important concepts central to behavioral psychology. While both result in learning, the processes are quite different. In order to understand how each of these behavior modification techniques can be used, it is also essential to understand how classical conditioning and operant conditioning differ fromRead MoreOperant Vs. 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